[이뉴스TV] 양미영 기자 = 급격히 녹는 북극과 남극의 빙하, 해수면이 높아지면서 점차 가라앉는 투발루나 몰디브와 같은 섬, 증가하는 사막들. 우리는 지구촌 곳곳에서 벌어지고 있는 이런 문제들을 우리와는 거리가 먼 것으로 생각한다. 과연 이것들이 우리와 거리가 있는 것일까?
중국의 사막 증가는 우리나라 황사 급증을 만들어내고, 중국의 급격한 경제발전에 따른 환경오염은 산성비를 만들었다. 또한 지구 온난화는 농산물 생산 지역의 변화, 바다 어족의 변화와 더불어 날씨의 변화까지 불러왔다. 아프리카의 인구 증가는 전쟁과 테러, 불법이민을 불러온다. 이렇듯 세계 곳곳에서 벌어지는 문제의 결과는 지구촌 전체로 확산된다.
‘뉴욕타임스’가 뽑은 '세계에서 가장 중요한 경제학자' 제프리 삭스가 이런 병든 지구를 진단하고, 치료하기 위한 방안을 찾았다. ‘커먼 웰스: 붐비는 지구를 위한 경제학’에서 그는 표와 그래프를 통해 지구의 현실을 정확히 보여주고, 인류가 다함께 잘살기 위한 방안을 제시한다.
현재 지구는 중대한 기로에 서 있다. 현재의 상태 그대로 둘 경우 지구는 심각한 위기를 맞게 된다. 부족한 에너지 자원, 점점 커지는 환경 스트레스, 치솟는 세계인구, 합법 또는 불법적인 대량이주, 변동하는 경제권력, 큰 폭의 소득 불평등 등등. 이런 지구의 문제들의 해법은 단순하지 않다. 하나의 문제가 그 하나로 끝나지 않고 여러 가지가 함께 물려 있기 때문이다.
예를 들어 빈곤 문제를 보자. 가난한 부모들에게 아이들은 노후 보장수단으로, 이들에게 성년이 된 아들은 하나 이상 꼭 있어야 한다. 아동 사망률이 높은 빈곤국에서 하나 이상의 아들을 가지려면 많은 아이를 낳아야 한다(아들과 딸의 확률이 5:5라고 할 때 아동사망률이 높은 경우 50%인 경우, 1명의 아들을 키우기 위해서는 4명의 아이를 낳아야 한다.
이것은 곧 인구 급증으로 이어지고, 인구 급증은 식량 부족과 연결된다. 부족한 식량을 늘리기 위해 나무를 베어 농지를 늘리고, 키우는 가축의 수를 늘리려 한다. 더욱이 물이 부족하고, 사막화가 빠르게 진행 중인 아프리카에서 인구 급증은 문제를 더욱 키운다. 가난한 나라에는 일자리가 부족하기 때문에 청년층의 실업률이 높고, 높은 실업률은 폭동이나 테러와 같은 폭력을 불러온다.
이처럼 물리고 물린 많은 문제들을 해결하기 위해서는 먼저 근본 원인을 찾아야 한다. 근본 원인을 내버려두고 문제를 해결하겠다는 것은 미봉책에 불과하다. 예를 들어 미국은 전 세계의 테러를 비롯한 전쟁 문제를 해결하겠다며 매년 막대한 군비를 지출하고 있지만, 세계 문제는 전혀 해결되지 않고 있다. 근본 원인을 내버려 두고 있기 때문이다. 지구의 미래는 지금 우리 행동에 달려 있다.
이 작품을 통해 제프리 삭스은 지금 우리가 어떻게 행동하느냐에 따라 우리의 미래가, 세계의 미래가 달라진다고 말하고 있다.
■ 붐비는 지구를 위한 경제학 커먼 웰스(Common Wealth) 제프리 삭스 지음 | 이무열 옮김 | 480쪽 | 25,000원 | 신국판, 양장 | 2009년 10월 발행
*저자 : 제프리 삭스(Jeffrey Sachs) 국제금융, 거시경제정책에 대한 탁월한 연구업적으로 세계적인 명성을 얻고 있는 경제학자. 1954년생으로 하버드대학을 최우등으로 졸업하고, 29세인 1983년 하버드대학 최연소 정교수가 되었다. 현재 컬럼비아대학 지구연구소 소장으로 반기문 유엔 사무총장의 밀레니엄개발목표 특별자문관 역을 맡고 있다. 기타 저서로는 《빈곤의 종말》《세계 경제의 거시경제학》《세계통합-거시경제학적 상호의존과 세계경제 협력》등이 있다.
기사입력: 2009/10/27 [09:36] 최종편집: ⓒ enewstv
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